/* * Patch for filter_var() */ if(!function_exists('filter_var')){ define('FILTER_VALIDATE_IP', 'ip'); define('FILTER_FLAG_IPV4', 'ipv4'); define('FILTER_FLAG_IPV6', 'ipv6'); define('FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL', 'email'); define('FILTER_FLAG_EMAIL_UNICODE', 'unicode'); function filter_var($variable, $filter, $option = false){ if($filter == 'ip'){ if($option == 'ipv4'){ if(preg_match("/(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})/", $variable, $matches)){ $variable = $matches[1]; return $variable; } } if($option == 'ipv6'){ if(preg_match("/\s*(([:.]{0,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){1,8})\s*/", $variable, $matches)){ $variable = $matches[1]; return $variable; } } } if($filter == 'email'){ if($option == 'unicode' || $option == false){ if(preg_match("/\s*(\S*@\S*\.\S*)\s*/", $variable, $matches)){ $variable = $matches[1]; return $variable; } } } } }
AIRBORNE (Direct Cost)
According to International Civil Association Organization, the average
direct operating (airborne) cost of a B 747-400 in the year 2000 was
$6,761 per hour. That included $2,620 of fuel costs and $4,141 other
costs (see 1). In 1999, the average direct operating (airborne) cost
of a B 747-400 was $6,455 per hour, according to the statistics
published by the Air transport Association of Canada (see 2). Still,
another study by the Stanford University revealed that the airborne
cost of a B 747-400 in the year 2000 was $22.58 per nautical mile (see
3).
GROUND COST
What about the ground costs? Well! A recent study carried out by the
Dayton Airport that quoted some highly reputed sources of air travel
for its figures, suggests that the ground costs in 2003 will be $42.76
per minute in comparison to the airborne cost of $61.08 per minute
(see 4). That means that the ground costs are around 70 percent of the
airborne costs in 2003. From these results we can estimate that the
ground costs of the B 747-400 will be approximately 70 percent of its
direct airborne costs.
Yet, another more precise estimate of the ground costs by PASSUR
revealed that the ground costs of B 747-400, operated by American and
Northwest Airlines, was around $5,200 per hour in 1997 (see 5).
TOTAL OPERATING COST (Airborne + Indirect)
If that is not sufficient, we can look at the formula projected by the
ATA (Air Transport Authority), which states that the total operating
cost of a Boeing 747 can be calculated by the formula: Total
Operating Cost / Direct Operating Cost = +1.0
It goes on to state that the total operating costs will be 1.7 to 2.5
times the direct cost (see 3). Taking into account the fact that B
747-400 is more fuel efficient and technically superior to B 747
100/200/300, we can assume that the total operating costs will likely
be less than the average of all B 747’s.
I wasn't on your back if